Possible Solution (3)

Wind Turbines:   Wind Turbines have blades, just like an electric fan, but instead of using electricity to generate wind, the turbines do just the opposite. Wind rotates the blades, which spin a shaft connected to a generator and the movement leads to the generation of electricity.

Thus, the kinetic energy of the wind is converted into mechanical energy of the propelling blades, which can then be used to do mechanical work like grinding grains, pumping water etc. or with the use of a generator utilized to produce electricity.
Advantages of Wind Turbines:

·         Renewable Source of Energy: Wind is fast moving air, present everywhere. It is renewed all the time as the earth heats and cools. It is a renewable source of energy unlike the fossil fuels like coal dug from the core of the earth and depleting fast. Experts believe that for every kilowatt-hour generated by wind one pound of coal can be saved.

·         Minimum Use of Land: Wind turbines require very little land area. In a typical wind farm, only about 5 percent of the area is used by the turbines and other equipments. The rest of the surrounding area can be used as usual for farming, cattle grazing etc.

Disadvantages of Wind Turbines:

·         Location: A drawback of wind power is that not every location is suitable for a wind turbine. Only select locations have sufficient wind blowing regularly enough to make erecting the turbines worthwhile.

·         Ugly: Wind turbines are not popular with some of the residents of scenic areas, especially those that rely on tourism. They are considered by these people and some others to be blight on the landscape, and they have a point: windmills are obtrusive and unsightly. Some also say they are noisy, but this is really only the case if (as with airports) you live next to one.

Possible Solution (2)

Solar Panels

-They herness energy from sun rays

Disadvantages:

• Pollution can be a disadvantage to solar panels, as pollution can degrade the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Clouds also provide the same effect, as they can reduce the energy of the suns rays. This certain disadvantage is more of an issue with older solar components, as newer designs integrate technologies to overcome the worst of these effects.

• Solar energy is only useful when the sun is shining. During the night, your expensive solar equipment will be useless; however the use of solar battery chargers can help to reduce the effects of this disadvantage.

Possible Solutions (1)

- Hydroelectric Dams: Hydroelectric power produced by hydroelectric dams accounts for 20% of the world’s total production of electrical energy.  A hydroelectric dam converts the potential energy(and/or kinetic energy) of falling water into electrical energy by means of a turbine and alternator.

Advantages of Hydroelectric Dams:

• Cheap electricity: The operating cost of a hydroelectric dam is very minimal as there is no costly fossil fuel required. Moreover, life of a hydroelectric dam is much more than that of a thermal power plant.

• Tourism value: The dam of a hydroelectric power plant can be used as a tourist spot.

Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Dams:

• Effect on eco-systems: Construction of a dam affects the eco-system (especially water eco-system) of the surroundings. Some species of fishes cannot increase their population because of dams.

• Green house gas emission: The blocked water in the dam causes generation of green house gas.

Externality Caused By the Issues

Some people might oppose the solutions because the use of energy, today, is used for many of our everyday lives. If people around the world began conserving energy, then markets would probably not receive as much money since energy use is less. However, by using other resources, such as water, solar panels, and wind turbines, the world will be able to approach a new development of energy, avoiding pollution and saving the environment.

The Issue

ENERGY

The majority of our energy stems from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas; yet, the burning of these fuels is a large source of carbon dioxide emissions which contributes to the greenhouse effect. Coal is dominant in the production of electricity, while oil is the world's primary transportation fuel. Natural gas use, most commonly for heating, is  growing quickly; however, while cleaner and less carbon intensive than coal and oil, natural gas also emits significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
While fossil fuels will remain our largest source of energy for the foreseeable future, they are ultimately finite resources. With concern over domestic supply and reliance on foreign supplies, increasing costs and environmental impacts